Windows NT essays

Windows NT essays Windows NT is a multitasking, 32 bit operating system. It was invented to make todays processes run more efficiently. More than one version has been brought into the industry to work well with the changing technology of computers. The two versions are known as Windows NT Workstation and Windows NT Server. The Windows NT Server is designed to be used on a computer that is specifically made to withhold information and to be used as a central office. This means that all commands will go through this one computer. Windows NT workstation is designed to be used on a computer that is connected to the server. It has only the necessary applications installed on it and uses the server to save files, and to access files. Both operating systems use the same kernel and operating system code and can act as an application server on NetWare and Microsoft (page 717). Microsoft started in the mid- 1980s when it was in cooperation with IBM. They created the OS/2 operating system, which was written in assembly language for a single processor 80286 system. Microsoft decided it wanted to fly away from the nest by developing new technology (NT). NT was originally supposed to be was supposed to use OS/2 as a native environment however it managed to become a 32 bit Windows architecture. Features play an enormous part in an operating system. There are specific features that will make an operating system unique and will be beneficial towards ones usage. A few features, which are a necessity in any growing business, are extensibility, reliability, and performance (pp 717-718). Extensibility gives you the ability to make expansions on your operating system so that it can grow with technology. NT is a layered architecture, which allows you to change certain features of the O/S without changing the basic code. NT executive runs on a kernel and provides the basic system services. This is a simple example of ...

Top 12 High Paying Part-Time Jobs With Good Work-Life Balance

Top 12 High Paying Part-Time Jobs With Good Work-Life Balance Need some extra income? Or just need a job, period, and prefer to work part time? Keep in mind that not all part-time jobs are created equal. Some people find themselves earning next to nothing, while others find themselves in pretty lucrative high paying part-time jobs. Find one that pays well and gives you the flexibility and compensation you need. Make sure to match a job to your particular skill set and expertise- not to mention your interests! Here are 12 of the high paying part time jobs  out there, across a range of skills and fields.1. Child CareFrom casual babysitting for cash on the side to tutoring (independently or through a service) and working in a classroom or after-school program, there are always jobs taking care of children. You could even consider a job as a camp counselor.2. Senior CareDitto for senior citizens. If you enjoy working with the elderly, you could work in a senior center, a care facility, retirement home, or even doing in-home medical care. You coul d also work in transportation assistance.3. Health CareThere are always job openings out there in the health profession. Work in doctors’ offices, hospitals, patients’ homes. Be a nurse, technician, equipment salesperson, pharmaceutical sales rep†¦ the list goes on and on. The possibilities are endless.4. Computer Support/Web DesignPeople always need tech support or design help. These jobs are particularly good for part-time work. If you’re really good with computers and/or design, you can make quite a bit of money in this field, even on the side.5. Consultant/FreelancerDepending on your particular expertise and the field you’d want to work in, this is always a good part-time option. It’s particularly easy to get this kind of work if you’re a lawyer, medical professional, writer, or teacher. But the case can be made in nearly any field. You can customize this work around your particular strengths and schedule.6. Online TeachingWith more and more classes being taught online, this is a great opportunity to get a part-time job and teach- from home. You could arrange this through a college or university, if qualified, or start your own continuing education class in your city or town.7. Pet CareIf you love pets, consider dog walking, pet sitting, even pet grooming. Or look for part-time admin work at your local vet office. It never hurts to sweeten your pitch by getting a bit of training in animal behavior or pet first aid as well. Bonus: if you do so, you can probably raise your rates!8. House SittingWork from home from someone else’s house! Stay in different places around your area (or the world) and make a bit of money whenever someone needs to leave town for a short (or long) trip.9. CateringIf you can work evenings and/or weekends, catering serving can be a great gig. It’s often taxing, very physical work, but you usually get a good hourly rate and the gigs are plentiful.10. Personal AssistingBe some one’s personal assistant, either locally or virtually. Check sites like Care.com for potential jobs. Run errands, tidy offices, etc.11. FitnessIf you have qualifications in yoga or personal training, you can make great money doing private sessions on the side. You’ll need first aid and CPR certification, but if you can build a solid client base, you’ll be looking at some great steady income.12. Call CentersEspecially if you’re willing to work overnight shifts, evenings, and weekends, when most call center employees would rather not schedule their shifts, you can get hired to offer customer support, account management, or telemarketing. Usually only requires a high school diploma.Bottom line: pick something you’d be good at, that complements your skills and experience, and that fits with your schedule needs, and you can’t go wrong.

Recommendation report in which you compare two potential river or sea Assignment

Recommendation report in which you compare two potential river or sea developments for one city with the intention of attracting - Assignment Example However, there are hundreds of rivers that cut across the Rio de Janeiro state, most of them having cities, towns and settlements developed along their banks. Therefore, natural resources, and most especially rivers, are vital components of the economy and the life of Rio de Janeiro (Canadian Tourism Commission, 2013 p12). Among the popular rivers that cut right across the city of Rio de Janeiro are the Acari River and River Paraiba do Sul, which constitute vital resources for the city (De Vries & Reilly, 2011 p21). However, the potential of these two rivers is yet to be completely tapped, and especially in regards to water-based tourism, which is evidently possible and attractive in these rivers. Thus, any development and rehabilitation of the two rivers that is targeted towards this objective is sure to deliver positive results, a major reason that informs the recommendation for the development of the two rivers for this purpose. The Acari River flows in the South eastern side of B razil, through the Rio de Janeiro state, forming one of the major water-courses that supply the city of Rio de Janeiro (Room, 1997 p311). The river cuts across the city of Rio de Janeiro from the western side, and it separates this city from the city of Duque de Caxias (Room, 1997 p303). The most significant aspect about the strategic positioning of this River is that; it separates the most populous City in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area, which is the City of Rio de Janeiro, from the third most populous city in the region, which is the city of Duque de Caxias (Ades, 2004 p322). This fact is especially significant, considering the number of people who can be able to access and subscribe to the tourist activities established in this river, should the river be rehabilitated and developed for water-based tourism, are high. The other fundamental characteristic of the Acari River, which makes it most suitable for development for the purposes of water-based tourism, is the fact that the Acari River is navigable (De Vries & Reilly, 2011 p32). The river traverses across regions that are well endowed for boat and canoe riding, thus making it a suitable river for developing towards these purposes. Additionally, the Acari River is not silted up; therefore it presents no danger of derailing the riding of canoes and boats used for water-based tourism explorations (Krystek, 2012 n.p.). The Acari River has a very large flow of water, meaning that it is a river that can be rehabilitated for the purpose of water-based tourism, since it can manage to sustain and supply the flow of water required for this purpose throughout all seasons. The vegetation along the regions of interface between the river and the land surface also suffices the need for soil conservation purposes, by ensuring that no soil from the land masses can directly cause the siltation of the river, while also preventing soil erosion, because it enhances the filtration process (Ades, 2004 p319). The river al so possess several species of fish, especially on the upper side that is before the section where the Acari River joins the cities, making it even more viable for

Recruitment and retention for qualified staff Essay

Recruitment and retention for qualified staff - Essay Example Moreover, the power of switch over or turnover of the employees might get reduced thereby amplifying the process of retention. Hence, it might be stated that, effective management and control of the human resource is directly responsible for their retention and improvement. This might prove effective in enhancing the level of functioning and competitive leverage of the organization among other new entrants. Literature review According to Sass (2012), human resource acts as the main pillar of an organization. Without which, an organization may not function effectively for longer period of time. As a result, the dominance and effectiveness of the organization might get fader slowly and gradually in all aspects as compared to other rivals operating in the similar segment. Therefore, in order to retain such essential resources, human resource management is extremely essential. Human resource management is the process used in recruiting and presenting training programs to the employees wi thin an organization. Due to which, an employee might become more valuable and worthy for the organization in this age. However, to increase the effectiveness of the employees, they need to be offered with accurate type of job orientation and scheduling programs that might enhance the skills and talents of the employee as well as the total productivity of the organization. As a result, the level of dedication and performance of employees towards job responsibilities of them might get enhanced. It is extremely essential for an employee to enhance his wage rate as well as retention power among other fresh and talented individual of this recent age (White & Drucker, 2013, p. 345-378). Other than this, management of the organization also might try to recruit the exact person for the exact job, so as to enhance the level of efficiency and devotion of the employee. Side by side, it might also help in enhancement of the total productivity and profit margin of the organization in the market among others. Hence it might be depicted clearly that experienced and talented employees are the most valuable assets of an organization, without which it may not prosper in the market (Price, 2011, p. 345-489). According to Price (2011), human resource management comprises of recruitment, development and retention of the experienced and talented employees so as to accomplish the strategic goals and objectives. However, it might be possible only if the employees are presented with varied types of benefits and incentives as per their level of performances. This strategy might prove effective for the employees in enhancing its level of motivation and loyalty towards responsibilities and tasks. Due to which, the level of performance of the employees might get enhanced thereby improving its dominance among other junior employees of the organization. It might also prove helpful for the employee in creating a substantial position (just as a leader) in the organization among others. As a result, these employees (leaders) might help in resolving varied types of disputes thereby implementing uniformity and consistency within the organization. Thus, the level of retention of the experienced employees might get increased thereby reducing the level of attrition (Barrett & Mayson, 2008, p. 346-456). Therefore, retention or recruitment of the experienced employees might help in enhancing the level of productivity and total sale of the

How to buy a car stereo :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nearly everyone who has sat in traffic has noticed the mind numbing amounts of bass produced by some car stereos. What most drivers aren’t aware of is how to buy a system of sub-woofers for their own car. The most noticeable feature of these systems is their price which is limited only by human imagination. The most basic understanding of how much these systems cost, although varied by complexity and brand name, lies within the power of the components that comprise them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The power of a system is measured in watts. The more powerful the system, the more watts of electricity it is capable of receiving and transforming into auditory noise. Speakers designed for bass, or [sub-]woofers, range in power levels from 50 watts which can hit 65 to 70 decibels, approximately as loud as traffic on a busy street. These smaller woofers, generally the 10 inch or 12 inch variety, usually cost between $30 to $100 each. The largest woofers can handle several thousand watts reaching over 150 decibels loud, as loud as a rocket engine. Powerhouse woofers which usually come in sizes of 12 inches, 13 inches, 15 inches, or larger, can cost from $80 to $1200 each. Some audio enthusiasts will choose to only install one woofer, although many choose to install more. Woofers are a great place to start planning a mobile entertainment system, however the most important part for audio enthusiasts will be what powers them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The greatest cost in the stereo system will come from the amplifier or amplifiers depending on the size of the stereo. The tonal quality, or the accuracy of the signal-to-noise ratio for each particular speaker is primarily affected by these high tech electronics which in turn, affects the price. A a low wattage amplifier that lacks tonal quality can be purchased for as low as $150 each. High power amplifiers with the purest tonal quality would start at $450 and go up from there. How many amplifiers will be needed to properly power the woofers depends entirely upon how many woofers are chosen to be installed into the mobile entertainment system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The final ingredient in completing a car stereo is to pick which type of enclosure to install the woofers in. These boxes are made of wood and are carpeted, generally costing around $150 to $250 for the basic setup. There are no major differences in cost, yet there are three major types of enclosures to choose from.

Travel and Tourism Field : Bangkok Field Trip

Introduction Tourism is clearly understood as an eminent cause of umpteen changes involving various aspects, consisting of the destination's economy, politics and culture (Cohen, 2001; Crick, 1994). With these radical changes, local's hold different attitude towards tourism development and tourists themselves, both positively and negatively. Tourists behavioral, as one aspect leading to the influential of local's attitude towards tourism, were bought upon by their motivation to travel as well as their origin country and culture.MacCannell (1989) suggests that tourism is a social phenomenon that can be viewed as a stage where human interactions transpire. As for this case study, preeminent focus will be on what motivate tourists to travel, their behavior and interaction towards the locals, as well as how locals response to these behaviors of the tourists and their perception towards them. This study was limited in one specific tourism attraction in Bangkok. Tourism industry is a major economic factor in Thailand.With new shopping malls and hotels built in Bangkok over recent years, international visitors grew over 14 million vacationing in Thailand, ranking 18th most visited country in the world (Tourism Authority of Thailand, 2010). Brief interviews and observation will be focus onto the locals and tourists regard their behavior and interaction in Bangkok. Case study in Bangkok A different sense of space induced upon arrival at the airport, with heightened attention on the objectives of the study trip, eyes were wide open and attempting to spot on materials relevant for the research.During the trip, most of the traveling was done via walking and communication barrier was an obstacle to be tackled during interaction with the locals. In attempt to accomplish the study trip theme, three interviews were conducted with other tourists and eight conducted with the locals, those of known common languages. Interesting responses were given from the locals with different job roles. Culture shock arise while observing their socio cultural environment, specifically on the public response towards the young boy with both arm amputated under the blazing sun begging for money and how locals could dine under severe unhygienic conditions.Observation and experimental test proven local's attitude towards tourists can easily be manipulated with tipping and money. Many tourists with similarity nationality were spotted in the street of Phetchaburi shopping malls and streets. In aspect of tourism glaze, it was dishearten to watch other tourists with the same nationality to behavior in an unethical manner. Events as such were several wastage of food by the tourists due to the cheap pricing or fondness to try out Thai Cuisines rather than filling up and absurd bargaining by tourists in shopping malls. Literature reviewResearches and theories of others were studied to apprehend tourism motivation of traveling. Personality and motivation are interrelated, where perso nality could be divided into psychocentric, as non-adventuresome, and allocentric groups, as adventuresome (Plog, 1974). Dann (1977) and Crompton (1979) both emphasize the importance of â€Å"Push† and â€Å"Pull† factors shaping tourist motivations. Iso-Ahola (1982) suggests tourism motivation consist of extrinsic component, desire to escape the everyday environment, and intrinsic component, desire to acquire psychological rewards through travel in a different environment.Kozak's (2002) study examines the differences in tourist motivation between nationalities, as well as the destinations. His study discovered four dimensions of travel motivations includes cultural, pleasure or fantasy based, relaxation based and physical motives. Ambro (2005) suggests that when tourists interact in a certain destination for a long duration of time, a kind of place dependency will be developed and may even become part of their identity which develop their avidity to visit the place ag ain With aspect to tourism behavior, Ritter (1987) suggests that different tourist behavior is influenced by different nationality.However, Dann (1993) criticized the use of nationality as a sole discriminating variable for illustrating the dissimilarity found in the tourist's behavior. Additional variable such as age and gender differences plays a part on different motives and behaviors. Older tourists tend to travel based on relaxation and cultural exploration, whereas younger tourists tend to seek for physical activities and engage in sports when visiting a destination (Cristina. t al, 2008). Conversely Andreu et al (2005) identified that age of a tourist holds no significant influence on travel motivations. As for the gender differences regards to traveling, Andreu et al (2005) suggest that female tourist preferred a stronger escape based and relaxation motives while male tourist preferred more recreation and activity. Following reviews will be the fundamental studies on the loc al's perception toward tourism.Mass tourism generates dramatic changes in both physical and cultural environment, impacting on the values and traditional way of life in the local community. These changes force local to be actively involved in the tourism industry of the destination (Getz 1994). Ap et al (1998) claimed that a well-establish relationship between the locals and tourists was prerequisite for a tourist destination to achieve long – term development, yet the attitudes of the local hold highly irregular meanings towards the growth of the destination (Relph, 1976).Milman et al (1988) studied the positive attitudes towards tourists, with employment opportunities, income from taxes and increased quality of life as a positive impact of tourism. Mansfeld (1992) focused the perceptions of the local and examined the negative impacts of tourism. He suggested that locals with higher incomes from tourism hold more positive attitudes towards tourism. Furthermore, Duvall (2002) pinpointed the negative impacts of tourism, which were the high taxes and prices in the destination, no vacation for the locals and long working hours to earn money.Additionally, Jafari (2001) discovered six platforms of tourism, two platforms namely the â€Å"Advocacy† and â€Å"Cautionary† platforms emphasized the positive and negative impacts of tourism, which was supported by the previous studies. Liu et al (1987) analyzed local's perceptions of the negative impacts of tourism as a function dependent on the ratio between the number of tourists and locals. He claims that with higher ratio of tourists per locals will eventually lead to stronger criticism of tourism and a subsequent increase in opposition to tourism development.Contradicting to his analysis, Angel et al (2007) evaluated that the higher density of tourism in a destination, the more favorable people are to tourism development and less worried about the negative impact. Results and Analysis With limitat ions and insufficiency of time, three interviews were conducted with other tourist within the street of Phetchaburi, mainly Singaporean and Australian aging from 21 to 33. The general question posted to them was â€Å"What made you choose to travel to this place? The results from these candidates hold different opinions according to their nationality. From the two interviews conducted, both with the same nationality as Singaporean, a couple aging 24 and 25, and a group of three youngsters aging 22 to 25 respectively, similar results shown that their motives to travel was to escape from everyday routine life, to relax and most importantly, shopping. The first interview conducted with the couple also stated that it was their fourth time traveling to Bangkok because they love the place.These groups were classified as psychocentric (Plog, 1974), and were motivated as â€Å"Push† factors in relevance from Dann (1977) and Crompton (1979) studies. Motivated from the extrinsic compo nent (Iso-Ahola, 1982), they seek to escape from everyday life and decided to travel to Bangkok as an option. As for the first interview candidates, the results demonstrated Ambro (2005) study whereas they had treated Bangkok as their â€Å"second home†. On the contrary, results taken from the Australian couple hold different perceptive compared to the first two results.The Australian couple aging 31 and 33, both carrying bulky haversack, mentioned that they were on an adventure to sight Bangkok Grand Palace and Temples. Phetchaburi only served a pit-stop for them and had no interests in shopping, their desire to see and obtain new knowledge from different countries culture and history. In accordant with the motivation concepts, this Australian couple was classified as allocentrics (Plog, 1974), and were motivated as â€Å"Pull† factors in relevance from Dann (1977) and Crompton (1979) studies.Contrasting from the first and second candidates, they were motivated from t he intrinsic component (Iso-Ahola, 1982), seeking for new knowledge and experience from traveling where they were unable to achieve back in their country. In respect to the interviews conducted with other tourists, the two different nationalities, Singaporean and Australian, supported Kozak (2002) and Ritter (1987) studies as different nationality reflected different motives and behavior in tourism.Due to the small group sample in this study case, it was prejudiced to confirm the argument between Cristina et al (2008) and Andreu et al (2005), however observations during the trip were partially agreeable with Dann (1993), age and gender plays a role in different motives and behaviors beside nationality. Such observations were spotted in Platinum Mall, where most shoppers were young tourists, mostly females, bargaining on items in shops vendor. From the results of the eight interviews conducted by the locals, six expressed positively while two explained why tourism affected negatively towards the community.Corresponding to (Relph, 1976), these result signifies that not all locals hold the same perception and attitude towards tourism. Questions such as â€Å"What do you think tourism is Bangkok, Why† were posted to the candidates and results were recorded as follows. These six locals who expressed positively towards tourism stated tourism allowed them to make a living and increased their quality of life (Jafari, 2001; Milman et al, 1988). Out of these six locals, one which was the owners of traditional Thai massage centre indicated that locals with higher incomes from tourism hold more positive attitudes towards tourism (Mansfeld, 1992).Two locals, mainly the therapist and the shop vendor expressed negatively. According to the therapist, she stated that their pay was very little with long working hours during peak seasons, very tiring and limited job option as most job availability in the destination caters to the tourists industry (Duvall, 2002). As for t he shop vendor, she mentioned tourists bargaining of goods and items created a negative impact towards the businesses in the shopping mall, and would rather to locals as their customer because they do not bargain as much (Jafari, 2001).From the interview with the Restaurant Waiter, the results reflected relevance findings with Angel et al (2007), explained that it's a everyday norm to see tourists waste their food hence would not mind them doing so. In comparison with 3 of the interviews, conducted by the Shop Vendor, Manicure Practitioner and â€Å"Tuk Tuk† Rider, interesting results collected which demonstrated the inconsistency of local's perception towards tourism (Relph, 1976). Both Manicure Practitioner and â€Å"Tuk Tuk† Rider preferred tourist customer as they could earn more from them.Notwithstanding in the Shop Vendor's view as she preferred local customers. No such findings corresponds to Liu et al. (1987) study which local's perceptions of the negative impa cts of tourism as a function dependent on the ratio between the number of tourists and locals Studying both results from other tourists and the locals, as well with observation throughout the trip, various connections were discovered between the tourist and the locals in this case study.Starting off, evidences had pointed out different nationality plays a crucial role onto individual's motive in traveling, leading to various behaviors. Local's perceptions towards tourism vary with the tourist's behavior, which in-turn not only generates â€Å"nationality stereotyping†, but also â€Å"acceptance† towards their behavior. One distinct reason of such â€Å"acceptance† was tourism money.With this â€Å"acceptance† developed with the locals, enhanced service satisfaction was provided towards tourists rather than towards the locals themselves, which resulted high satisfaction level from tourist and eventuate high expenditure of them. There forth some locals atte mpted to take advantage whereas they tried to hike up prices of services and goods, holding the belief that most tourists would not be mindful of expenditure cost. Frustration occurred for every failed attempt, such examples could be observed from the Shop Vendor and the Taxi Driver.Possibility of such failure roots back to the tourist's nationality. This relationship not only associates the interactions between tourists and the locals, however evolved through the acceptance of tourist's behaviors and the level of local's intention to earn tourism money. Model 1: Overview of the relationship between the Tourists and Locals Model 2: Acceptance and Service level interrelation with Expectancy on earning from tourists Model 1 shows the overview of the relationships between tourists and locals found in this case study as mentioned previously.Model 2 displays a simplified graph, due to the lack of quantitative data collected indicate the higher level of acceptance and service level, the h igher expectancy and intention to earn tourism money. Conclusion The theoretical concepts extracted from literature reviews constitute discussion pointers on tourism motivation and behavior, as well as local perception and attitude towards tourism. In conclusion of this study case, the results highlighted the dependence of tourism's motivation and behavior on nationality.Thus, the results also evidence inconsistency of local's perception towards tourism. Evaluation of the analysis suggested a relationship between the tourist and the locals from the case study. The relationship indicates the acceptance of tourist's behavior as an influential component with the level of quality services provided, hence leading to the intention and expectancy on tourism money. The findings of this study display significant meanings and explanation on the inconsistency of local's perception towards tourism as well as their behavior towards ourism. Due to the location and sample quantity limitations from the study case, questions such as â€Å"does gender contribute to different tourism motivation and behavior† and â€Å"diversification of the relationship suggested from this case study between the tourists and locals in different destination† were yet to be answered. (2213 words) References Andreu, L. , Kozac, M. , Avci, N. , Cifter, N. (2005). Market segmentation by motivations to travel: British tourists visiting Turkey. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 19(1), 1-14. Ambroz, M. (2005).Sociology of Tourism: The basis for the investigation of travelling cultures. Portoroz: Turistica. Angel, B. B. , Jaume, R. N. (2007). Attitudes towards tourism and tourism congestion. JEL Classification, L83, 194-206. Ap, J. & Crompton, J. L. (1998). Developing and Testing a Tourism Impact Scale. Journal of Travel Research, 37, 120-130. Cohen, N. , eds. (2001). Ethnic Tourism in Southeast Asia. Bangkok, Thailand: White Lotus Press. Crick, M. (1994). Resplendent Sites, Discorda nt Voices. Sri Lankans and International Tourism. Switzerland: Harwood Academic Publishers. Cristina, J. , Dwayne, D. 2008). Does nationality, gender and age affect travel motivation? A case of visitors to the Caribbean Island of Barbarbos. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 25(3–4), 398-408. Crompton, J. L. (1979). Motivations for pleasure vacation. Annals of Tourism Research, 6 (1), 408-424. Dann, G. (1977). Anomie, ego-enhancement and tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 4(4), 184-194. Dann, G. (1993). Limitation in the use of nationality and country of residence variables. In D. Pearce & R. Butler (Eds. ), Tourism research: Critiques and challenges (pp. 88-112). London: Routledge. Duvall, T. (2002).Tourists and locals: the people of Mazatlan, Mexico have many reasons for welcoming visitors. Retrieved from http://www. academia. edu/711646/Analogous_Inequalities_Sources_of_Conversational_Hierarchy_in_Mazatlan_Mexico Getz, D. , 1994, Residents' Attitudes toward Tourism : A Longitudinal Study in Spey Valley, Scotland, Tourism Management, 15(4), 247-258. Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1982). Toward a social psychological theory of tourism motivation: A rejoinder. Annals of Tourism Research, 9(2), 256-262. Jafari, J. (2001). In Hosts and Guests Re-visited. Smith, V. L. and Brent, M. (Eds. ) Cognizant Communication Corporation. New York.

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