Airtel Marketing Strategy

Integrated Marketing Communications Group-8, Sec-C Ajit, Anuj, Prateek, Rohit, Vaibhav AIRTEL: Evolution ? ? ? ? Founded: 7th July 1995 First mobile phone company in the world to outsource everything except marketing and sales and finance operates in 20 countries across South Asia, Africa and the Channel Islands The largest cellular service provider in India 4P+2P+3P for AIRTEL ? 4P’s ? Product: Airtel is the fifth largest telecom operator in the world with about 230. 8 million subscribers across 19 countries ? It provides mobile, fixed telephony as well as broadband and subscription television services Airtel won 3G licenses in 13 telecom circles of India ? Product differentiation is limited so main USP is uninterrupted services and troubleshooting support ? ? Price: Price in the telecomm industry are close to similar, hence main focus is on customized payment plans ? User is free to choose between plans which favor cheaper SMS? s or calls ? Pay-per-second of usage v/s Pay-pe r-minute of usage is the latest attraction ? 4P+2P+3P for AIRTEL ? 4P’s ? Promotion: ? Promotions are usually in multiple formats as discussed further in slides Main focus is connectivity, customized plans as well as dependable network ? Place: ? Airtel has separate plans for each of the regions ? Rural customers get more support and focus is on basic services ? Urban customers are main targets for value added services and accordingly Airtel designs its product offerings and communication plans 4P+2P+3P for AIRTEL ? 2P’s ? People: ? Involvement of people with Airtel has increased with campaigns like â€Å"har ek dost zaroori hota hai† ? Final offerings are also highly customized to friend group discounts and so on ? Pack Design: Pack design is kept red to re-inforce Airtel Brand ? Description of Plans is also evident 4P+2P+3P for AIRTEL ? 3P’s ? Peer -to-peer: ? High rate of communication to increase peer-to-peer interaction and reviews especially in rece nt stages ? Personalization: ? Personalization is constantly on rise especially with value- added-services ? Participation: ? Airtel has tried to conduct contest every now and then to maximize customer participation but due to high brand clutter it is difficult Media Vehicles ? ? ? ? ? ? Above the line Advertising ? Television ? Radio Print Media ? Out-of-home ? Cinema Below the line Advertising ? Trade Scheme ? Consumer offer ? In-shop and shop-front activities Direct Marketing Events Buzz Digital Communication Ad Agencies ? Creative Agency- JWT India ? ? ? ? Airtel ended its 15-year-long relationship with creative agency, Rediffusion – Y&R on Aug, 2010. Rediffusion has handled the brand since its inception in 1995 The Airtel account is worth Rs 400 crore in terms of ad spends This also led to change in their logo Madison Media handles ? ? The media duties for Airtel for more than five years nowIt also handles out-of-home and digital for the brand too Airtel TV Commercials T V Ad Campaigns by Airtel ? â€Å"Har ek friend zaroori hota hai† ? Purpose: ? The commercial for Airtel aims to make the brand trendier for the youth, while attempting not to alienate its older target audience set ? To position Airtel as a brand that embodies friendship, and helps all sorts of friends connect with one another ? TV Advertisement analysis: ? The commercial depicts different kinds of friends one has, and how the presence of each one is necessary in some way or the other ?A jingle penned by film lyricist Amitabh Bhattacharya, makes use of ‘Hinglish' and popular youth lingo, and has the story of different categories of friends, such as the one who wakes one up during the wee hours for help, or another who may give you company during your financial crunch days ? The jingle ends with ‘Har ek friend zaroori hota hai', and with the message that Airtel keeps one connected to their friends TV Ad campaigns by Airtel ? ? ? ? ? ? ? â€Å"Dil jo chaahe paas laa ye† â€Å"Baat karne se hi baat banti hai† â€Å"Do airtel bajenge to tarakki main char chand lag jaenge† â€Å"Dil jo chahe pass laye† Kuch bandhan atoot hote hain, jaise Airtel ka network† â€Å"Airtel internet 3G par† â€Å"Express yourself † †Har ek friend zaroori hota hai† Ad â€Å"Do airtel bajenge to tarakki main char chand lag jaengeâ€Å" Ad â€Å"Dil jo chahe pass laye† Ad ATL-TV ? ? ? It creates Pervasiveness, allows Airtel to be in the eyes of the audience all the time Even though the audience is not obligated to pay heed to the advertisements, the high creativity quotient of the Airtel Ads makes it virtually impossible for the audience to turn a blind eye to them The Ads are very high on the use of imagery and music ATL-TV ? ? ? The genius of the Oscar winning music director A.R. Rahman is the man behind the catchy tune Airtel advertises more on its brand and its values than its products and services Mo st ads just establish the value and beliefs of Airtel than establishing its services like mobile, telephone, or broadband ATL-TV ? ? The likes of Sachin Tendulkar, Shah Rukh Khan, Saif Ali Khan, Kareena Kapoor, Vidya Balan, A R Rahman have all been brand ambassadors of Airtel at some point or the other One of the key reasons for the lasting impact of the Airtel ads is the reinvention of the content displayed TV (Sponsorship) ? ? Leading sponsor of Kaun Banega Crorepati Airtel subscribers were given a special chance to directly enter KBC ? Participation to the show was only restricted to the Airtel subscribers and BSNL/MTNL landline users for the first couple of seasons. Sponsor of Indian Idol ? Airtel subscribers got an exclusive chance to enter the show TV (Sponsorship) ? ? BCCI has awarded the series sponsorship rights of all international cricket matches played in India to Bharti Airtel for the period 2010-2013 On 9 May 2009, Airtel signed a major deal with Manchester United Foot ball Club TV (Sponsorship) ? ? In 2009, Airtel had signed a three-year deal orth Rs 150 crore with official tournament broadcaster ESPN Star Sports for the title sponsorship of the T20 league. Airtel signed a deal to be title sponsor the inaugural Formula One Indian Grand Prix during the 2011 season Print Media Radio ? Bharti Airtel is among the top two advertiser on radio in India (1% share) ? Promotional ads released by Airtel on radio: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Mobile recharge Score kya hua? Aaj ka kya plan hai? EMI Airtel World Cup Pack Airtel happy Recharge Airtel Minimum Recharge Marathon Airtel – radio ad jingle Consumer Sales Promotions ? ? ? ? ? â€Å"Friendz† pre-paid plan for youth Ladies Special† plan â€Å"Seniors plan† for discounts to senior citizens Executive Corporate Plans â€Å"Family Celebrations offer† – Special discounts in Call rates & SMS services Promotional Campaigns ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Airtel Jai Hind AD Campaign Leadership campaig n Quality Time Campaign Magic Dalo Say Hello Launch campaign Magic Hai to Mumkin Hai campaign Call Karo Sona Jeeto campaign Promotions: Health Campaigns ? ? ? ? Airtel and Wockhardt hospitals together launched a â€Å"Good Health† campaign to mark World Health Day on April 7 Comprised two health check-ups at discount of 75% Post-paid subscribers of Airtel could avail theWockhardt master health check up at Rs 799 against a original cost of Rs 3200 Also available as part of the campaign was the Wockhardt Heart Check at Rs 499, aginst Rs 2400 Grameen Mobile Puratchi: Rural Markets ? ? ? This scheme was for more than 45 lakh society members of IKSCL (IFFCO Kisan Sanchar Coopreative ltd) Farmers had five free Value Added Services under this scheme. The farmers had five free voice messages on mandi prices, farming techniques, weather forecasts, dairy farming, animal husbandry, rural health initiatives on a daily basis The pack for farmers ranged between Rs 1299 andRs 4000 along wit h the mobile phone. Direct Marketing ? Direct marketing techniques used: ? Email Marketing ? Display Ads, Social Media sites ? Location based marketing tools, QR Codes ? Telemarketing to customers Events (1/2) ? To reach their target audiences, Airtel has sponsored various TV programmes like ? Big Boss ? Indian Idol ? Super Singer ? Indian Sangeet awards ? Bol Baby Bol Events (2/2) ? Airtel has sponsored various events like ? Indian Grand Prix 2011 ? Champions League T20 ? Delhi Half Marathon ? Border-Gavaskar Trophy, other cricket tours ? Indian Fantasy League ? Indian Golf festival Buzz ? ? ?Launch of Blackberry, tie up with RIM Indian Grand Prix 2011 Social Networking sites ? Facebook, ? Twitter Airtel Simulator Challenge Airtel Out of Home Advertising – Hoardings ? ? ? ? Launching 360 degree campaign, spread over 43 days, rolled out in metros, mini metros in association with Madison media plus group Want to make the brand the part of every day life of costumer. Depict Air tel as youthful, vibrant &dynamic brand Gantries, bus shelters pole, neon's, traffic timers, unipoles, dropdowns, public utility branding, station branding etc are the form of advertisements involved Airtel Out of Home Advertising – Transit Medium,Street Furniture ? ? ? ? To communicate from door to door Seek more attention of the customer Key nodal points of market and high traffic points, TG dwelling and the concentration area Sky ballon branding, boat branding, Cycle branding, Airtel Product Placement Months before the announcement of the August 22nd iPhone launch, fanatics in India were screaming for their shot at iPhone 3G mania. You would think from the crowds in the photo that the Airtel iPhone launch in Mumbai, India was a raging success. Think again! One cult of iPhone follower present at Airtel's testical festival knows otherwise.Airtel Branded Entertainment ? ? ? Way to create buzz The ads can be flashed in between the various highly watched TV serials or can be sp onsors of some big movies Cricket matches, Super star awards, Dance, singing competitions Airtel Sensory Branding ? Through its signature tune ? Its unique color and logo ? Having celebrities like Sachin Tendulkar and A. R. Rahman Digital Communication: Web 2. 0 Digital Communication: Web 2. 0 Digital Communication: Web 2. 0 Digital Communication: Web 2. 0 CSR Initiatives ? ? ? Initiative of opening â€Å"Airtel Ashiana† for underprivileged children at the Mohali office of AirtelTied up with an NGO to distribute daily surplus food to needy children â€Å"Airtel Experience Centre by Access MO† for the benefit of visually impaired people as well as people from deprived section of society CSR Initiatives ? ? Bharti foundation, the philanthropic arm of Bharti Enterprises was established in 2000 with a vision to help underprivileged children and young people of our country realise their potential In the process of setting up a 1000 â€Å"Satya Bharti Schools† to deli ver high quality education to underprivileged children in the deepest rural pockets The First Mover Advantage 1.Electronic recharge 2. Hello Tunes 3. Airtel Live! 4. Portfolio Manager 5. Song Catcher 6. Easy Music 7. Black berry handsets 8. M-cheques Airtel- Retail Media ? ? ? ? Presence of recharging options through an extensive network of small stores/big retail stores/small or big retail shops/pan shops etc Easy way to recharge option by keeping a specific number digit for a particular type of recharge option Availability of new sim cards free of cost to increase the customer base at various outlets Airtel owned stores and Airtel galleries present in every district to address customer queries more responsiblySocial, Ethical & Legal Issues ? ? VAS Fraud ? There has been lot of criticism about Airtel for its unauthorized VAS activation ? Many of its services were activated automatically according to a complaint ? Several thousands of users were falsely billed ? In return Airtel lau nched STOP/START 121 services for such issues ? Alternatively, one can sign up on the â€Å"Do Not Disturb† list to avoid all telemarketing calls and SMS Controversy ? Bharti Airtel(India) was issued notices by Telecom Regulatory Authority of India(TRAI) for violation of Mobile number portability(MNP) Regulations. According to TRAI, it had received complains from customers regarding wrong rejection of porting requests by telecom operators Social, Ethical & Legal Issues ? ? Silcon Concept has dragged Airtel to the Federal High Court over allegedly making a publication to the claimant? s customers and subscriber by means of voice call, text messages or SMS informing them that the claimant is a band of fraudster (Oct, 2010) The CCC of ASCI has concluded that Airtel? s advertisement (campaign ‘Dil Titli„) is misleading, as the viewer of the TV commercial is led to believe that Airtel Digital TV has superior picture uality because of MPEG4 or DVBS2 technology (Jan, 201 0) ‘Dil Titli‘campaign Social, Ethical & Legal Issues ? ? ? The AIRTEL Digital TV advertisement offering ‘Free Regional Pack for life„ was accused of being misleading as the DTH licence was valid only up to May 2018 (Feb, 2010) The CCC of ASCI found the claim made in the SMS ad that Airtel Digital TV Recorder is High Definition capable as misleading BSNL has accused Airtel of unfair trade practices over the private operator's claim that it is the only mobile telecom service provider in Jammu & Kashmir (J&K) (Dec, 2004) Thank You

Life Support Essay

The issue of sustaining life by medical technology is complicated by uncertainty as to when death actually occurs. Is it when breathing ceases, the heart stops beating, or brain activity is no longer evident? Medical support can keep a body breathing after meaningful signs of human life have ceased. There are individuals who seemingly have died, only to be resuscitated within minutes of interrupted heartbeat or breathing. Some who have been so resuscitated and kept alive with life support have recovered and returned to live normal lives. Others have not. Questions arise in these instances: How long should one try to hold on to life, especially when suffering persists and the quality of life is at question? When is our appointed time to die? Although most people may think of ventilators when they hear the words â€Å"life support machine,† there are many other types of machines used to sustain one’s life. The type of life support machine used depends on the medical condition of the patient and the reasons for the use of life support machines. Patients with life threatening illnesses may make the choice to use life support machines while they are still of sound mind and capable of making their own decisions. There are four main types of life support machines. The first is a ventilator, which forces air into the lungs of a patient who cannot breathe on her own. The second type is a pacemaker which is used for those who have irregular heartbeats, or for those who suffer from an abnormality of the blood vessels. Next, there are dialysis machines, which are most commonly used for patients who suffer from renal (kidney) failure. A ventilator works by forcing warm, oxygenated air into the lungs while removing carbon dioxide. A plastic tube is inserted through the mouth and into the trachea, and is then hooked up to the ventilator which monitors every breath of the patient while regulating the air pressure at which the patient receives the air. Pacemakers are used most frequently for those who suffer from an irregular heartbeat or rhythm. They are surgically inserted below the skin, and emit electrical impulses that remind the heart to beat normally. Dialysis machines are used for both short and long term use, sometimes as a temporary measure to maintain the patient’s health until they can receive a kidney transplant or to prolong and provide a quality of life for people who are not transplant candidates. Hemodialysis is often used three times a week to help cleanse the blood and remove the build-up of deadly toxins. Hemodialysis machines work by removing the patients blood, running it through the machine to cleanse it, and then pumping it back into the patient. This process happens simultaneously with the use of a shunt. Life support machines enable patients to survive for a period of time while their body is recovering from a specific illness or injury. They benefit patients who only need them for a short time as well as people who are attempting to maintain quality of life for the long term. Life support machines are also beneficial in the event that the patient is deemed â€Å"brain dead. † In these circumstances, the organs continue to receive oxygen-rich blood flow to keep them functioning until they can be removed for transplantation. Many believe that life support machines are used only for those who are comatose or critically ill. They are however, also used for those who have a life threatening disease or injury, such as paralysis, who are attempting to maintain a normal life. A perfect example of this is Christopher Reeve. He relied on a ventilator to breathe for him a majority of the time, and before his death, was still able to lead a productive life. Many also believe that life support systems are used only in a hospital. Again, this is not true. The use of noninvasive ventilators are becoming more popular for those who wish to live at home. Patients who receive dialysis are able to reside at home while visiting a dialysis treatment center on scheduled days.

Probation Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Probation - Coursework Example He asserts that effective school-based programs can help youths to keep off drugs and avoid juvenile delinquencies. The article further explores community-based initiatives aimed at transforming first-time offenders to help them avoid future abrasion with the law. In the article, Greenwood discovers that evidence-based programs can be cost saving. The author utilizes a case of Washington legislature, the result of the analysis in 2006 indicated that doubling high-quality programs investment would suffice the need for more prison capacity. The author thus provides a case that adds to the credibility of the information provided in the article about the effectiveness of evidence-based programs. He recommends that the jurisdiction should adopt evidence-based approach in implementing working programs. When implementing blueprint models, the author recommends that proper choice of program model that focuses on the needs of clients and the agency. Greenwood also recommends that training should be offered by the jurisdiction to personnel involved so that its implementation can be successful. Further, the jurisdiction should recruit the right staff to steer the program, market the program to the clients and organization, organize for monitoring and feedback system to improve the program and institute quality assurance schedule to ensure high level of efficiency. Greenwood, P. (2008). Prevention and intervention programs for juvenile offenders. The future of Children, 18(2), 185-210. Retrieved on December 2, 2014 from

Changing Human Behavior Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Changing Human Behavior - Research Paper Example I strongly believe that way I know him and understand his work pattern, no one does in the office. It is because we mostly share projects and work in a team sometimes; hence I am well-aware of his all work patterns moves and strategies. I have been working with him since more than 3 years, and I have observed that he spent more than enough time on each project mainly because his mind stays distract firstly due to his smoking habit and secondly he uses social networking websites during work hours (Kochan & Lipsky, 2003). Due to his habits and slight non-serious behavior towards deadline of work submission, he often completes his individual projects late. Also, in a team, project most of the times others members have to put extra efforts on his behalf. Although, he wastes a lot of his time in smoking after every ten to minutes, but more than that his mind is distracted due to his habit and interest in using social networking websites during work time. Thus, to help him quit his addiction to social networking, a month back I arranged an informal meeting with him at his favorite restaurant (Alvesson & Sveningsson, 2008). I strongly believe that emotional counseling can help one rethink about own strengths and weaknesses. I planned to talk to him normally about my own family, friends and social issues around in the city or community. Then, coming to the point I told him about some of those seniors in our company who initiated their job career as beginner content developers in game division, and within three years they have now been promoted to senior designation. I intentionally discouraged him initially by saying that he cannot get promotion in this or any other organization to hit his emotions regarding job career and importance of everyday or month performance in an organization. I was sure he will surely argue with me and try to find out reason behind my

Water Safety and Its Guidelines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Water Safety and Its Guidelines - Essay Example According to the recent statistical information of the United States of America, it has come under observation that there are several reasons and grounds for the accidental and unintentional deaths in the U.S. and amongst them drowning or submerging in water is one of the crucial, major, and substantial causes. The contemporary data also presents the evidence that the proportion of human life loss and injury due to drowning comes in the ranking chart as a principal and leading cause. This trend has come under surveillance particularly amongst the young children of less than fifteen years in age (Barraclough, 2007). Therefore, it becomes an important factor and aspect to educate the visitors and the general populace about water safety. One of the most effective ways of spreading and promoting the theme and moral of water safety is the commencement of projects and programs on the community level. The community-based programs come under functioning and demonstration in parks, health fai rs, classrooms, and many other places (Pancella, 2005). These projects and community programs are even in alliance and joint ventures with companies on a district or provincial level. Such programs play a vital and imperative role in creating awareness, familiarity, learning, and education on water safety for the entire community. It not only benefits the denizens of the community, rather, it also facilitates the local businesses, as well as they, do get the opportunity to market them and create their brand name (Barraclough, 2007). As the programs and projects are held in association and affiliation with the local coast guard companies, it helps in better understanding the local culture, customs, way of living and their perceptions about the residents of that place, and alleviates and eradicates the cultural barriers (Pancella, 2005). The projects and programs involve activities and online games for the children and the people that include ‘life jacket loaner program’, ‘floatation citations’, ‘demonstration of water safety practices’, ‘safe boating’, ‘water safety adventures’ and many more (Pancella, 2005). Other means of fun, entertainment and educational activities that emphasize and highlight the significance of water safety incorporate contests and endow with rewards or gifts, posters, coloring books, t-shirts, coupons and discounts, and many others (Barraclough, 2007). Programs and projects commenced at health fairs prove and authenticate to be an influential, dominant, and persuading factor in the learning of water safety tips and guidelines. As people are always concerned about their health, therefore the ratio of people visiting the health fairs tends to be relatively high. In addition, the health-fairs underline and focus on entertainment activities and promote the learning process with real-life examples, rather than just providing the written piece of information in the form of long h andouts; therefore, they attract and motivate the young people to be a part of it (Pancella, 2005).  

Walt Disney World Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Walt Disney World - Speech or Presentation Example Further, it maintains an informal link with England’s Swindon Company as a competitive measure (â€Å"The Walt Disney Company,† n.d.). Walt Disney World’s employees have high morale levels and remain empowered in their undertakings. They work towards providing high quality visitor relations, most notable through smiles. Employees at the resort delight in diversified job arrangements and an all-inclusive workforce nationalities as well as free tickets. They take on consistent self or team tasks and witness ever changing visitor interactions despite the minimal wages and little benefits that they receive. Employees at the resort demonstrate friendliness and learn new skills each day as well as have opportunities for advancement. With regards to strategy formulation, the management utilizes a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system along with information technology to ease crowding and re-design customer experience. The resort’s corporate, human resourc e and business strategies include modification plans for Downtown Disney’s art concept along with prospects for allowing advertisements application for Hulu initiative. Plans to open Universal’s Cabana Bay Beach Resort in 2014 constitute the resort’s business strategy. Moreover, it aligned with Vera Bradley in generating a new track of bags as well as created a new logo art design for the company (â€Å"The Walt Disney Company,† n.d.). Strategy implementation capacities consist of youth centered initiatives with an annual budget allocation of $500,000 such as ‘A gift for Teaching’ program in addition to obliging to creativity and arts, for instance, summer camps. Social and compassion related services following economic hardships and natural disasters... The paper outlines the value of Walt Disney World. Walt Disney World originally focused on innovation and creativity. Demographic and labor trends for the resort indicate it as the ninth standing leading labor force among all Florida’s markets with increasing percentage of female workforce. The resort’s customer base takes in families, children, government and non-governmental groups, the community and learning institutions. Walt Disney World’s employees have high morale levels and remain empowered in their undertakings. They work towards providing high quality visitor relations, most notable through smiles. Employees at the resort delight in diversified job arrangements and an all-inclusive workforce nationalities as well as free tickets. They take on consistent self or team tasks and witness ever changing visitor interactions despite the minimal wages and little benefits that they receive. Employees at the resort demonstrate friendliness and learn new skills ea ch day as well as have opportunities for advancement. . Walt Disney World invests in local community infrastructures within Florida such as Florida’s children hospital based Walt Disney Pavilion in addition to hospitality and culinary science scholarships for college and university students at the resort. The resort also offers periodic discounts for their visitors on various reservation packages. Human capital as well as human resource metrics became considered with regards to assessment and evaluation. Walt Disney World makes use of less advertising as compared to its rivals in the industry.

SEMESTER AT SEA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

SEMESTER AT SEA - Research Paper Example Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 Target Market 5 SAS Education Program & Students of Sydney University 5 Market Potential 6 Regular & Mid Year Application Students 6 Advantages of SAS programs & its effectiveness 6 Specific Advantages to the students of Sydney University 7 Challenges in introducing the SAS program in Sydney University 8 Recommendations 9 Conclusion 9 Introduction Semester at Sea (SAS) is study based program which had originated in the year 1963 and is managed by Institute of Shipboard Education which is headquartered in Virginia (SAS, 2013f). The main objective of the study is to attract students from universities of varied nations and disseminate information related to humanities and other subjects. The main attraction of the SAS program is that it is a floating university which means that the courses are provided to the student while they are at sea and the teaching program stops while the students are at port (SAS, 2013g). The institute believe s in providing informal and formal education to the students in a non-traditional format to attract their attention and make studies an enjoyable program. Sydney University (SU) is one of the leading universities of Australia and is located at Darlington at the outskirts of Sydney CBD. The university is renowned for its well designed courses and the flexibility of the course timings. However, the marketing director had reviewed the current academic course and was able to locate those certain elements in the humanities, social sciences, and environment. The marketing assistant believed that teaching guidance from external faculties would only enhance the developmental skills and the knowledge of the students of SU. The SAS teaching program are designed in such a way that not only will it help in imparting theoretical but also practical knowledge. It would also enhance the interpersonal and soft skills of the students which would pave their path of success. The marketing assistant wil l revaluate the current academic courses offered by SU and then assess the needs and requirements of the students studying humanities, social sciences, and environment courses for their betterment. Target Market SAS Education Program & Students of Sydney University SAS offers 75 courses related to varied disciplines including agriculture, shipping, environment etc. The courses are usually 100 day program which is mainly targeted for undergraduates and graduates travelling from North America to East or West Atlantic. The ship travel across 8 to 11 countries in Western Africa, Europe, South America and North America and offers a wide range of course related to various subjects. One can register for the summer, spring and fall course through online and offline methods. The summer programs are further designed and broken into short and long term courses which signify that flexibility of the courses is of utmost importance to the SAS program designers. The SAS programs are designed in su ch a way that it helps in filling the gaps of the courses and syllabuses designed by the regular colleges and universities. The students of SU studying humanities, social sciences and environment would be benefited by the courses because the existing syllabus at SU does not offer variation or any innovative topic has not been introduced in the current

English Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

English Literature - Essay Example into the treatment of femininity/masculinity in the film, it is clear that Asaji (Lady Macbeth) in the film is with more calculations and ambitious than the real character of Lady Macbeth in the play. Here, Asaji is the driving force behind most of the actions in the play. She is more cruel and masculine than the Washizu (Macbeth), the protagonist. Besides, in the play, it is clear that Lady Macbeth is completely devoid of the loving and tender qualities which are associated with femininity and motherhood. In addition, it is unambiguous that Shakespeare attempted to represent the character of Macbeth as feminine and Lady Macbeth as masculine. Thesis statement: Analysis of femininity in Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Akira Kurosawa’s Throne of Blood, and discussion on the feminine/masculine character of Lady Macbeth. The play Macbeth begins with the total destruction of order and by the climax this order is restored. Almost all the main characters get involved in this destruction and restoration process of the order or the restoration of the kingdom of Scotland from the control of Macbeth. Here, the female characters show more power and determination than male but both these characters are forced to face more critical situations in their lives. Besides, they are forced to wear the mask of masculinity of cover their feminine qualities of tenderness and caring. Shakespeare developed his characters by interchanging the gender identity of the main characters like Macbeth and his wife Lady Macbeth. Besides, the main male character is with feminine behaviour and the main female character is with masculine behaviour. To influence the Victorian Viewers, it was important for Shakespeare to develop this cross border gender identity. For instance, the character of Lady Macbeth is with male characteristics and her husband Macbeth fails to personify/prove his masculinity in most of the scenes in the play. James L Calderwood in the work- ‘Shakespeare & the denial of death,’

Classical Societies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Classical Societies - Essay Example They are mostly influenced by the nature of work they produce as they are of unique and elaborate quality. According to (Hunt For,2007)â€Å"  Classical period of ancient Greek history is fixed between 480 B.C., when the Greeks began to come into conflict with the kingdom of Persia to the east and 338 B.C., when Philip II of Macedonia with son Alexander defeated the Greek†. The art work of classical Greece style depicts the independent identity of human beings. It also shows the freedom of movement and freedom of expression of mankind of that era. In classical Greece artwork, the artist experimented the true nature of man and artist expand themselves beyond the aesthetic boundaries. Here the artist utilized the human expressions and nature to carve out masterpieces in marble. Here ,the human figure is utilized in many ways to bring out the best artistic value in them. The artwork here is projecting a girl who is holding doves in her hand which is a symbol of peace and harmon y.Normally, this kind of art work which is carved in marble,with a girl in the portfolio is seen to be placed in Greek Cemeteries.The greek girl standing here bows her head down to the dove which symbolizes her seriousness, which is not usually seen in a a girl of her age.This artwork was sculpted around 450 and 440 B.C.

Revolutionary Visions of St. John De Crevecoeur, Thomas Paine, and Essay

Revolutionary Visions of St. John De Crevecoeur, Thomas Paine, and Thomas Jefferson - Essay Example This paper stresses that he was the first European to develop a considered view of the new American character and the first to exploit the â€Å"melting pot† image of America. He portrayed how different people in America came together as one and tolerated one another despite their differences in cultures and religions. He also helped in defining â€Å"who is an American?† a question that was bringing a lot of controversies. In one of the passages of What is an American, he asks: â€Å"What then is the American, this new man? He is either a European, or the descendant of a European, hence that strange mixture of blood, which you will find in no other country†. He could point out to you a family whose grandfather was an Englishman, whose wife was Dutch, whose son married a French woman, and whose present four sons have now four wives of different nations....Here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men, whose labors and posterity will one day ca use changes in the world. He defined an American as any person leaves all his ancient manners and prejudices behind him and receives new ones from the new ways of life he or she has embraced. Basically, according to him an American is a person who is dedicated, open minded to the changing ideas of the times and willing to work hard to develop the newly created country, America. Thomas Paine has been deemed as the most controversial leader of the American Revolution.

Scope of Communications Methods Essay Example for Free

Scope of Communications Methods Essay 1. Introduction Contracts are in anywhere. Contracts = â€Å"Intention†, â€Å"Agreement† and â€Å"Consideration†. The rule of Contracts will establish when offeree is accepted the offeror’s offer. â€Å"Agreement† is one important term in Contract. â€Å"Agreement† is â€Å"Offer† and â€Å"Acceptance†. Today our topic is The Postal Acceptance Rule which only applies to â€Å"Acceptance†. Hence we focus on â€Å"Acceptance† and assume that if â€Å"Acceptance† is valid, and the contract will valid too. The general rule is formed contract acceptance is actually communicated to the offeror. But The Postal Acceptance Rule is an exception of this rule. Today is the electronic world, communication is not only by postal service also use by electronic transaction. Now we will discuss The Postal Acceptance Rule is its rationale, effect, should it continue to be applied and compare to Electronic Transactions Act (ETA) for determining the timing of acceptance sent by fax and email. Also we will talk about expanding or restricting the types of modern communication methods affected by this rule. 2. History and Background of the Postal Acceptance Rule The Postal Acceptance Rule is the fifth and the last of the relevant sub-rules affecting communication of acceptance. The Rule maybe summarized in this way In 19th Century England, there only 2 method of communication between offeror and offeree deal in person or by mail. The courts had to decide the moment of contract formation by this 2 method. If the negotiating parties are deal in person, they do not face the problem of delay and failure of information transmission. If offeree accept the offer to offeror by mail, there will be a substantial delay in delivery of the letter or even totally lost in the course of post. Adams v Lindsell[1] is the case of delay acceptance and The Postal Acceptance Rule was established by this case. In Case we saw that negotiating parties were not sure the precise time of acceptance had been communicated. This created timing of the acceptance problem and led to the formation of rule. Hence the court determined the acceptance is valid when the letter of acceptance is posted. 3. Case of the Postal Acceptance Rule 3.1 Application case of the Postal Acceptance Rule According to Household Fire Carriage Accident Insurance Co (Ltd) v Grant[2], Grant applied by a letter for shares in the Household Fire and Carriage Accident Insurance Company Ltd. The shares were allotted to him and the letter was sent to him at the address given by him. But Grant never received this letter. Later the company went bankrupt, Grant is asking for the outstanding payments. In this case, Grant is offeror, Household Fire and Carriage Accident Insurance Company Ltd is offeree and the offer is buy the shares. By the Postal Acceptance Rule, the acceptance is valid when the letter of acceptance is posted no matter that the offeror is received it or not. Now the offer is accepted by offeree and offeree posted the acceptance to offeror. Hence Grant is legally bound to pay the outstanding payments. Further to case Dunlop v Higgins[3], is in same situation, Dunlop send to offer to Higgins. In the communication delay time, Dunlop’s good prices have increased. Higgins has posted the letter of acceptance when he received the offer from Dunlop. Dunlop’s won’t to supply the goods to Higgins with old prices. By Postal Acceptance Rule, hence Dunlop must comply with their offer supply the goods to Higgins with old prices. 3.2 Exclusion case of the Postal Acceptance Rule The Postal Acceptance Rule does not apply in every case. Even if the negotiating parties involved consider the postal service is an acceptable means of communication. According to Byrne v. Van Tienhoven[4], the Postal Acceptance Rule cannot accept offeror revocation their posted acceptance. In this case, Van Tienhoven had been sent out the acceptance to Byrne. But Van Tienhoven withdrawal offer and sent out the new one to Byrne before Byrne received the old offer. The court determined Van Tienhoven is not allowing to revocation of posted acceptance. The withdrawal of the offer was not effective until negotiating parties was communicated. Another case Holwell Securities Ltd v Hughes[5], the grantee must comply strictly with the conditions stipulated for exercise by the offeror. If not, the acceptance will not be valid although negotiating parties even they have telephone conversation. The Postal Acceptance Rule cannot apply when there are express terms in the offer specifying that acc eptance must reach the offeror. 4. Electronic Transactions Act ETA[6] was enacted by the Federal Government. And it creates a regulatory regime for using electronic communications transactions. It attempts to remove existing legal impediments that may prevent a person using electronic communications to satisfy legal obligations under Commonwealth law. For the purposes of a law of the Commonwealth, ETA provides criteria for determining the time and place of the dispatch and receipt of an electronic communication. The following requirements imposed under a law of the Commonwealth can be met in electronic form (a) Requirement to give information in writing (b) Requirement to provide a signature (c) Requirement to produce a document (d) Requirement to record information (e) Requirement to retain a document (ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS BILL 1999[7]) 5. Conclusion 5.1 Rationale of the Postal Acceptance Rule Contract is formed at the time and place an acceptance is communicated to the offeror. Time of acceptance communicated is very important. Because it will affect the contract’s content. After contract established, every terms added in this contract was invalid. The Postal Acceptance Rule is established for the court to determining attempt to provide some degree of certainty to an offeree accepting an offer by post. In case of Dunlop v Higgins[8], the parties can not sure the precise time of acceptance when using postal service. It had a substantial delay in delivery of the acceptance or even totally lost in the course of post. This created a number of problems and has led to a formulation of the rule. Hence the Postal Acceptance Rule would complementary with Contract Acceptance for ensure the precise time of acceptance. 5.2 Effect of the Postal Acceptance Rule The effect of the Postal Acceptance Rule is that the offerees acceptance will be valid when the moment the acceptance is correctly posted and it is not relevant whether the acceptance is delayed or even totally lost in the course of post. It means if the Postal Acceptance Rule is applied, establish contract have two more problem to be consideration â€Å"Time† and â€Å"Location†. Indeed, the courts have been concerned with locating the place of formation of a contract in the majority of cases which have considered the applicability of the Postal Acceptance Rule. 5.3 The Postal Acceptance Rule in currently applies circumstances Today, the Postal Acceptance Rule in currently applies circumstance is business convenience. It most frequently cited rationalization for retention of the rule. For example, the Company (offeror) sends the promotion letter (offer) to person (offeree) and the person accepts the offer and sends back the acceptance to correctly address. By Postal Acceptance Rule, the contract between company and person was established when the acceptance was posted. If acceptance is complete upon proper posting, this effectively allows the offeree to structure his affairs on the basis. And the binding contract is formed on postage. 5.4 The Postal Acceptance Rule and ETA In instantaneous communication most likely to applied ETA or general rule of â€Å"Acceptance†, For example, offeree accept website acceptance or telephone acceptance even though the parties are not in physical proximity of one another. This is no delayed time between the offer and the acceptance. In non-instantaneous communication most likely to applied the Postal Acceptance Rule. This had delayed time between the offer and the acceptance. Postal Acceptance Rule is handle the argued of moment of contract formation and ETA is imposed under a law of the Commonwealth can be met in electronic form. Both of the rule and are they complementary with each other. If technical delay or human error, there are no universal rule can be applied and it is needed to reference to the intentions of both parties. 5.5 Rules used for acceptance sent by Fax and Email We know that there are two types of communication, instantaneous and non-instantaneous. Instantaneous communication is no delay time between sent and received and non-instantaneous communication had delay time between sent and received. Fax is the instantaneous communication. This is because Fax transmits is same as telephone transmits. It is direct transmission from fax machines to other fax machines, transmission between sent and received is in same time. Hence Fax is instantaneous communication it most likely to applied ETA or general rules of â€Å"Acceptance†. How about of the Email? Some articles expressed that Email is instantaneous communication. Because the legislation deals a default rule for the time that Email (electronic communications) is sent and when it is received. But this is wrong, in fact according to Email transmits, it along the internet may involve travelling across the world with correctly Email address. That’s mean after click â€Å"SEND† button the transmission may be immediacy, may be takes a moment, sometimes used a few minutes or even over an hours that’s base on the network connection until the recipient received the message. The e-mail transmission through the network depends completely on the viability of the ISP[9] for the offeree and the offeror. Now we have millions of internet user, delays in e-mail communication is very normal situation. The communication may have delay and they are not sent and when it is received. We can study the case Chwee Kin Keong v Digilandmall.com Pte Ltd[10] in Singapore. Hence Email is non-instantaneous communication it most likely to applied the Postal Acceptance Rule, but Email also under the ETA. 5.6 Keeping Postal Acceptance Rule in part of Australian contract law? It must be â€Å"YES†, the Postal Acceptance Rule should continue to be applied. In application level, we know that the general acceptance principle depends on whether the method of communication is instantaneous or â€Å"non-instantaneous†. From the above discussion, Email could be considered as a non-instantaneous communication. Analyze the moment of contract formation is an essential point for the court to apply the Postal Rule of Acceptance in the context for e-mail transmission. As the method of communication is improving, some problem may be created. If the problem is relevant the moment of contract formation and the communication is defend as a non-instantaneous communication. The Postal Acceptance Rule is most likely applied on it, and the concept of the rule is not outdated. Another basic reason for keeping Postal Acceptance Rule is the electronic communication could not fully replaced the postal service. Maybe in laggard or destitute country, the postal service is the only way for the communication. In content level, the Postal Acceptance Rule was not allowed the offeror withdrawal the offer when offeror posted the offer to offeree (Byrne v. Van Tienhoven[11]). If Postal Acceptance Rule was abolished, the offeror choses he can always make the formation of the contract, until he is receive any reply. If the offeror doesn’t receive any reply from the offeree he can always make inquiries to the offeree about the offer. If the contract is not concluded there would be considerable delay in transactions and the acceptor would never be safe until he has received notice that his letter of acceptance had reached its destination[12]. In the Australian legal system which want to make the fair rule to negotiating parties. In case if Postal Acceptance Rule was abolished, the offeree was in unsafe situation. Because there are unfair to the offeree and offeree don’t get any protect by the Australian legal system. Hence the Postal Acceptance Rule should keeping in part of the Australian contract law. BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1. Peter Gillies, ‘Business Law 12th Edition’, 2. David Parker and Gerald Box, Business Law for Business Students 2008 3. Kathryn O’Shea and Kylie Skeahan (1997) Acceptance of offer by E-Mail How Far Should the Postal Acceptance Rule Extend 4. Australasian Legal Information Institute http://www.austlii.edu.au/ 5. Dave Stott, Australian Law Students Association Should The Postal Acceptance Rule be Applied to E-Mail? 6. Sharon Christensen, Vol 1 No 1 QUTLJJ Formation of Contracts by Email – Is it Just the Same as the Post? 7. Electronic Transactions Act 8. Holwell Securities Ltd v Hughes [1974] 1 WLR 155 9. Exclusion of the postal acceptance rule http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/QUTLawJl/1997/18.pdf 10. Exclusion of Postal Acceptance Rule 11. Chwee Kin Keong v Digilandmall.com Pte Ltd ([2005]SGCA 2) 12. Adams v Lindsell (1818) 106 ER 250. 13. Byrne v Van Tienhoven (1880) LR 5 CPD 344 14. Dunlop v Higgins [(1848) 1 H.L.C. 381] 15. Holwell Securities Ltd v Hughes [1974] 1 WLR 155 16. 17. [pic] [1] Adams v Lindsell (1818) 106 ER 250. [2] Household Fire Carriage Accident Insurance Co (Ltd) v Grant (1879) LR ExD 216 [3] Dunlop v Higgins [(1848) 1 H.L.C. 381] [4] Byrne v. Van Tienhoven, [1880] 5 CPD 344 [5] Holwell Securities Ltd v Hughes [1974] 1 WLR 155 [6] Electronic Transactions Act [7] http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C2004B00505/Revised%20Explanatory%20Memorandum/Text [8] Dunlop v Higgins [(1848) 1 H.L.C. 381] [9] Internet Service Provider [10] Chwee Kin Keong v Digilandmall.com Pte Ltd ([2005]SGCA 2) [11] Byrne v. Van Tienhoven, [1880] 5 CPD 344 [12] Kathryn O’Shea and Kylie Skeahan (1997) Acceptance of offer by E-Mail How Far Should the Postal Acceptance Rule Extend

Assess the Ontological Argument Essay Example for Free

Assess the Ontological Argument Essay The ontological argument was first formulated by St. Anselm in the 11th century. It argues the existence of God from a deductive and a priori stance. God is a being than which none greater can be conceived. This is the response given by St Anselm to the fool in the psalm who believed there was no God. St Anselm the Archbishop of Canterbury and of the Benedictine Order explained that for God to exist in the mind he would not be the greatest being. However were God to exist in the mind and reality this would make a being ‘than which none greater can be conceived’, this means God must exist. This demonstration for the existence of God was immediately criticised by his contemporary Gaunilon. He argued that Anselm’s argument could easily be used to prove the existence of many different beings or even places. In Gaunilon’s ‘response on the behalf of the fool’, he argued that he could conceive of a perfect island ‘blessed with all manners of delight’, yet it did not mean it must exist. However, Anselm responded to this claim arguing that a perfect island contains contingency; it is dependent, whereas God possesses aseity, is self-sufficient. This means that God’s existence is therefore, necessary, independent. Descartes famously wrote his version of the ontological argument in the ‘Meditations’ in which he argued that God is an infinite being, perfect. For God to remain perfect he must then retain existence. He used the illustration of a triangle with three angles which all add up to 180 degrees. This quality of the triangle allows the triangle to be perfect and to be defined as a triangle. If the angles were taken away from the triangle it would no longer be a triangle. This is similar as to God; he could not be God if he did not exist. This proves according to Descartes that God’s existence is necessary. But, it can be argued that the ontological argument is using an analytic format to define God as existing. Immanuel Kant refutes this as he believes that existence as a predicate or property cannot define God. For instance, the analytic statement ‘a spinster is an unmarried woman’ is tautological and true by definition. But if you were to add the predicate existence it would have no direct effect on the statement, this means that existence cannot be a property of God. David Hume also went on to support this idea, as we cannot prove that existence is even a positive attribute, we know that ‘evil’ exists yet could this ‘existence’ be the same as the ‘existence’ of God? They would argue that the ontological argument failed to understand and make existence a meaning of God. However, there have been responses by other philosophers such as Frege who argues that existence is actually a first level predicate which is able to explain the second level predicate. For instance, the ‘greenness of the apple’ is known through our senses but by adding ‘the greenness exists’ we are able to understand that such a predicate exists in reality. This means that ‘God exists’ allows us to understand that such a being as powerful as God does exist in reality as well as the mind. However from an empirical view, Thomas Aquinas would argue that the flaw in the ontological arguments attempt to demonstrate God’s existence stems from the fact that Anselm wanted to argue that God’s existence can be proven from ‘de dicto’ instead of what is ‘real’, and this caused the argument to be weak. On the other hand, some will still argue that St Anselm and the ontological argument is still strong in the second half, ‘God is a necessary being’. This is due to the fact that only God’s existence can be either necessary or impossible and because it is possible, God is proven to exist. To evaluate the whole ontological arguments’ attempt to prove and demonstrate God’s existence, it is clear due to the deductive stance, it shouldn’t be argued as the conclusion drawn must be ‘God is a necessary being’, ‘God is a being than which none greater can be conceived’. But as soon as you understand that definition you will find that it could be used to prove the existence of many things and beings. The ontological argument proves the idea that if God exists he is going to be a necessary being, but it does not prove that he actually does exist. Therefore as Richard Dawkins would describe it ‘infinite, playground argument’ and does not demonstrate God’s existence.

Environment Management Strategies

Environment Management Strategies Human existence is indispensably related closely with the nature. Because, there are direct or indirect interactions between human and its environment. Human activities are mainly about concerning their common needs and any further specific life requirement. Fortunes are on their hands, because majority of the materials they need can be discovered in many ways on earth, and that is why interaction of both parties is inevitable. It is clear that there are causal impacts that involved within the ecosystem. Generally, human as the creature who has needs and desires, have intention to take advantages from nature and its environment, in any good or bad term. But, unfortunately there are some indications that human over enforcing their greed. The desire of fulfilling needs somehow able to give reverse impact. Some are malicious and not beneficial at all. As time goes by, the nature gives some concrete unpleasant feedback. Controllable or not, there are some disasters that come over. Howeve r, some undesirable effects somehow caused by the human itself, it is the result of reckless human who do not seek any bad possibilities coming in the future if they dont being responsible to the mother nature. That is why; environmental management is severely needed, and should be one of the considerations in any action when generating interaction with environment. In every business, there are so many aspects to be concerned about. There may be a huge consideration of its own product development aspects, human and capital management, customer relationship or even market research and strategy. However, sometimes theres a little crack that overlooked, this crack in time can be a very crucial and destructive intervention. A kind of crack that mostly forgotten is about environmental management. Yes, I do agree that human is the ruler of this world. This lovely mother nature is completely in human hands. They are a very intelligent yet powerful creature on earth, theyve got the brain and intuition. But the greed is the biggest human flaw, they easily forgotten about possibilities they may cause in their activities. In big or even small scale of business, nothing can be an exception for this issue. First of all lets take a look for a small and simple example, culinary and food business. People may not consider this, because this is a very common thing that used to happen in daily life. Some food business has their own way to pack their food. The packaging they use to wrap food should be a thing to reconsider. Because, after consumer eat the food inside, the packaging is no longer needed and just easily thrown away, and instantly become a garbage. And what kind of garbage it is, is important to be noticed. Its okay if they use paper wrapper, because it is still can be recycled and even better if they use recycled paper, because that means they still consider this issue. But unfortunately, how about them who use styrofoam? Hey, it can be the simplest form of eventual earth destruction. Styrofoam is hardly disposed, if buried it can infect the soil. Then imagine how many thousand businesses on earth that did it that way? How many million people who bought their stuff that way? It is a massive motion of earth destruction. Well, thats only a simple of one kind of businesses. How about other kind of businesses on earth? How about other gazillions trashes and garbage that human make? How irritating to see this mother nature get dirtier each day. And also theres another fact. The Environmental Protection Agency reports the United States produces approximately 220 million tons of garbage each year. This is equivalent to burying more than 82,000 football fields six feet deep in compacted garbage. There are no statistics readily available for the entire planet, but considering the United States makes up about 4% of the worlds population, this is a LOT. It could be estimated that the entire planets yearly production of garbage to be somewhere in the vicinity of 4 to 5 BILLION tons. Well, that is true, and inevitable that human may cause it, but however there are still some prevention and overcoming methods to solve this problem. It can be in many ways and methods. Year by year human starts to realize the importance of this issue, which is why some methods of saving environment eventually emerged. Well, those are some short review about environmental management in smaller scale, now lets take a closer look at environmental management in big scale, which will be described and explained thoroughly after this section. The next review is mainly based on material of study of C.J. Barrows book of Environmental Management for Sustainable Development Chapter 1 and 2. This book comprised a very closer look of environmental management that strongly elaborated in multidimensional aspects, which is very interesting and important. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Environmental management is very crucial part oh human aspects that need to be deeply considered. It seeks to steer the development process to take advantage of opportunities, avoid hazards, mitigate problems, and prepare people for unavoidable difficulties by improving adaptability and resilience. It is a process concerned with human-environment interactions, and seeks to identify: what is environmentally desirable; what are physical, economic, social and technological constraints to achieving that; and what the most feasible options are. Actually there can be no concise universal definition of environmental management, however it can be briefly summarized in this aspects: supporting sustainable development; demands multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary or even holistic approach; it should integrate and reconcile different development viewpoints; co-ordinate science, social, policy making and planning; proactive process; timescales and concern ranges from local to global; stresses st ewardship rather than exploitation; and dealing with a world affected by human. In other way, environmental management can be explained as methods of ways when dealing issues due to the importance to improve environmental stewardship by integrating ecology, policy making, planning and social development. The goals include: sustaining and if possible improving existing resources; preventing and overcoming environmental problems; establishing limits; founding and nurturing institutions that effectively support environmental research, monitoring and management; warning of threats and identifying opportunities; where possible improving quality of life; and finally identifying new technology or policies that are useful. And moreover, actually environmental management may be subdivided into number of fields, including: Environmental economics Sustainable development issues Environmental assessment, modeling, forecasting and hand-casting Corporate environmental management activities Pollution recognition and control Environmental enforcement and legislation Environmental and development institutions and ethics Environmental management systems and quality issues Environmental planning and management Assessment of stakeholders involved in environmental management Environmental perceptions and education Community participation Natural resources management Environmental rehabilitation Environmental politics Environment aid and institution building Generally, the environmental managers must ensure there is optimum balance between environmental protection and allowing human liberty. Then, the question is how it can be done? Basically there are several steps in environmental management implementation. First, we need to identify goals and define problems, then determine appropriate actions, which will be continued as draw-up plan. Next, implement the plan, which followed by ongoing development management. After that keep monitor and evaluate the situation. If there are adjustments needed, do it. Then finally when the exact model of environmental management is generated, continuous development will be able to be conducted. Moreover there are some plenty approaches to environmental management which can be seen below: Ad hoc approach: approach developed in reaction to a specific situation Problem-solving approach: follows a series of logical steps to identify problems and needs to implement solutions Systems approach: for example, Ecosystem Agro-ecosystem. Regional approach: mainly ecological zones or bio-geophysical units, which may sometimes be international. For example, Watershed River basin Coastal zone Island Command area development authority Administrative region Sea. Specialist discipline approach: often adopted by professionals, For example, Air quality management Water quality management Land management Environmental health Urban management Ocean management Human ecology approach Tourism management Conservation area Management. Strategic environmental management approach Voluntary sector approach:: environmental management by, or encouraged by NGOs. For example, Debt-for-nature swaps Private reserves Ginger groups which try to prompt environmental management Private funding for research or environmental management. Commercial approach: environmental management for business/public bodies Political economy or political ecology approach Human ecology approach THE EVOLUTION Through the ages, human starts to realize to understand the importance of environmental management in sustainable development method. However, in years during the development there were changes and evolution among the concept. For example, in 1930s the Soviet Union fascist regime and even briefly USA explored state manipulation of development. However few tried to shift laizzes faire attitudes toward environmental management before 1960s. Then finally since 1970 environmental management appeared as problem solving field, providing practical assistance. However before 1900s it still paid limited attention to social issues. In 1970s human also realized that it has to cope with changes of fashion, variations, changing technological capabilities, social capital, social values, skill, confidence and many other variables. And also, by the time there were ethics concern classifications in four groups: Technocratic environmental ethics = resource-exploitative, growth-oriented; Managerial environmental ethics = resource-conservative, oriented to sustainable growth; Communalist environmental ethics = resource-preservationist, oriented to limited to zero growth; Bioethicist or deep ecology environmental ethics = extreme preservationist, a anti-growth. Group 1 is anthropocentric and places faith in the capacity of technology to overcome problems. Group four is unlikely to attract support from enough people to be viable approach, and offers little guidance to environmental managers. Meanwhile the ethics of group 2 and 3 were more likely to support sustainable development and provide guidance for environmental management. By the way theres another grouping of environmental management: Anthropocentric- human welfare is placed before environment or biota; Ecocentric focused on ecosystem conservation Biocentric organisms are seen to have value per se CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Related to the environmental issues, there are some problems emerged in the surface. Eventually problems come from small to huge scale range. There are some possibilities of environmental problems such as pollution, soil erosion, over-fishing, loss of forest, and physical surrounding changes. Environmental stress may be caused by human activities (e.g. resource exploitation, urban growth, warfare, globalization, capital penetration and technological change). Environmental management may need to modify the activities and ethics of individuals, groups and societies to achieve its goals. There are three main approaches, which can be adopted to try to do that: Advisory This is a method, which can be conducted through education, demonstration, media and public advice Economic or fiscal This is an approach, which can be conducted through taxation, grants, subsidies and trade agreements Regulatory This is an approach, which can be implemented through laws, restrictions, licensing and zoning. Hopefully these approaches can effectively help environment to be in better condition. However, environmental managers should be able to face the problems nicely by choosing suitable methods and approaches in given situation. CONCLUSION Environmental management is evolving and spreading. It has still to be adequately adapted to suit all conditions, and will continue to get developed as well as the growing number of human activities that related to its interaction to the environment. Environmental management demands a proactive approach to development and must integrate closely with other disciplines. Without proactive environmental management, development is unlikely to be sustainable and people will be more vulnerable to disasters. Considering that the world and its resources are finite, yet human demands and population continues to increase, sustainable development is the key issue to be concerned about. However, even though there are no one single approach to environmental management, there are key concepts and tools to choose from. Sufficient environmental managers should be able to identify suitable strategies and tools best suited for a given situation. A precautionary and proactive approach is wise to be impl emented when sustainable development is a serious goal to be considered.

Rships after Downsizing :: essays research papers

ORGANIZATIONAL VIRTUES AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: RELATIONSHIPS AFTER DOWNSIZING THE PREVALENCE OF DOWNSIZING BEFORE 911  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Almost all medium and large firms downsized in the last five years. More than 90 percent of firms downsized in the last five years. A large majority downsized more than once in the last ten years.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Downsizing is not a one-time action. Approximately 62 percent of firms that downsized two years ago downsized again last year.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Downsizing is not motivated solely by bad economic news.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Only 37 percent of firms downsized last year because of economic difficulties compared to 71 percent at the beginning of the 1990s. Only five percent downsized because of decreased market demand.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In one third of all U.S. households, a family member lost a job. Nearly three quarters of all U.S. households had a close encounter with layoffs in the last decade. AFTER 911  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The number of layoffs has equaled the total of all previously announced layoffs for the year. 416,000 lost jobs in September alone. RESULTS OF DOWNSIZING IN AMERICA  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fewer than half the companies that downsized between 1990 and 2000 had short or long-term profit increases.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fewer than a quarter reported increases in employee productivity, product and service quality, and shareholder value.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Three years after downsizing, the market share prices of downsized companies were an average of 26 percent below the share prices of their competitors.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Among companies that downsized, those that laid off the fewest workers exhibited the largest return on assets.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Almost all organizations that downsized—in the public sector and the private sector—experienced an emergence of the â€Å"dirty dozen† as a result of downsizing. THE DIRTY DOZEN Universal Consequences of Downsizing, Trauma, Crisis  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Centralization  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Threat-Rigidity Response  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Loss of Innovativeness  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Decreasing Morale  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Politicized Environment  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Loss of Trust  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Increased Conflict  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Restricted Communication  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lack of Teamwork  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Loss of Loyalty  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scapegoating Leaders – Leadership Anemia  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Short-term Perspective – Resistance to Change THE ABUNDANCE HYPOTHESIS A decade of downsizing research led to the supposition that organizations characterized by virtuous behavior would predict superior performance after downsizing. Impressionistic data led to the presumption that indicators of performance such as employee satisfaction, productivity, quality, organizational innovation, and shareholder value would increase over time—and the dirty dozen would decrease—in organizations that fostered and facilitated the demonstration of organizational virtues. In fact, a few firms were observed that displayed â€Å"positive deviance,† that is, an affirmative exception to usual organizational behavior. They possessed characteristics that seemed to foster extraordinary value, remarkable performance, and high levels of excellence. Especially on the human dimension, they engendered virtuousness in relationships and in treatment of people. When they downsized they did so with caring and compassion.

Essay --

A prophet was a person viewed upon as an inspired teacher or proclaimer of the will of God. Prophets bring the word of God to the people of God and calls the people to respond. They were called by God in times of crisis, and were chosen by God to lead His people and protect them. "I will raise up for them a Prophet like you from among their brethren, and will put My words in His mouth, and He shall speak to them all that I command Him. And it shall be that whoever will not hear My words, which He speaks in My name, I will require it of him(Deuteronomy 18:18-19)." When it was difficult to see the hand of God, Prophets would give direction, so that God's people know what was happening, and what they should do. Prophets were the â€Å"fortune tellers† who have insight into God's purposes for many things. The prophet speaks to the present, considering the future that God has revealed to him. They also received new identities when God calls on them to act in His name. Prophets hav e done many things, no two prophets were called to do the same thing and  every prophet has had a contribution in carrying out the teachings of God. The prophet, Amos, spread the Word of God in such a way that inspired sinners to find redemption. The life that Amos lived, influenced the type of prophet that he became. Amos translates â€Å"to carry the burden,† and the burden that he carried were the sins of the Israelites at the time. Their sins had an impact on his life. Amos lived during â€Å"the days of Uzziah king of Judah and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash, king of Israel, two years before the earthquake(ESV. Amos, Intro),† and worked as a shepherd in the town of Tekoa in Judah, suggesting that he was from the lower ranks of society, â€Å"I was neither a prop... ...;  Ã‚  your assemblies are a stench to me (Amos 5.21).† During Amos’ time, the people allowed lust, pride and greed to take control and become the main focus of their lives. God turns to Amos and wants him to explain to the people of Israel the consequences of their behaviour. The Lord explains, â€Å" ‘For three sins of Israel,  even for four, I will not relent.They sell the innocent for silver,  and the needy for a pair of sandals’(Amos 2.6).† Amos is unapologetic when he expresses the wrongdoings of civilization forcefully, and the changes that people must make in their lives. The people fail to listen to Amos which leads to the destruction of Israel. When Israel is consumed by destruction, it is explained as, â€Å"Will not the day of the Lord be darkness, not light—pitch-dark, without a ray of brightness?(Amos 5.20)† The destruction of Israel is the outcome of all their sins.

Gender Role In Social Construction Essay -- Gender Socialization Sex E

Gender Role In Social Construction Works Cited Missing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyone’s life is affected by social construction. This is the belief that knowledge is determined by society, and in turn (knowledge) is formed by the individuals that belong to the society. When an individual thinks of a doctor, lawyer, priest, engineer, or manager they usually picture males. While nurses, teachers, and housewives (emphasis on wives) are purely female professions in our society. This is social constructionist thought on what role a male/female should play in today’s society. These may not be the professions of choice for the individuals, but what the individual believes is socially acceptable. â€Å"Most of the behavior associated with gender is learned rather than innate†(Chandler 5). People begin to learn what is right and wrong (according to the community) from the earliest of ages. The media contributes to social construction, as women and men are almost always portrayed in a stereotypical manner. By examining the way t he media is presented, one can see the impact of social constructionist thought.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The impact that media can apply varies from society to society, this is because each society obliges to a different social construction. In European countries nudity can be shown on television, and is perfectly acceptable. For example, in the Netherlands:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Governments support massive, consistent, long-term public education campaigns utilizing television, films, radio, billboards, discos, pharmacies, and health care providers. Media is a partner, not a problem, in these campaigns. Sexually explicit campaigns arouse little concern.(â€Å"Love† 2) In this community the openness towards sexuality is not only acceptable, but is the standard set by the society. In the United States however, displaying sexuality is not acceptable. Kirby Anderson states that â€Å"what children see on television encourages them to take part in sexual activity too soon, to show disrespect for their parents, and to lie and engage in aggressive behavior†(4). The American society believes that displaying sexually explicit content pressures the viewers into preforming â€Å"sinful† acts. These acts include anything from using foul language to premarital sex. By comparing the views of these two cultures it is easy to see how â€Å"knowledge in one society may not be considered knowledge in another society... ... 100 ads based on sex appeal contained at least one near-naked woman (England, McBride and Peirce 5). This overwhelming majority just adds to the fact that society believes that women should be compliant and submissive. To advertisers these findings may seem trivial. What does it matter if most ads associate men with supremacy and females as secondary? Or perhaps advertisers believe that complying with society is the only way to sell products.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The clothes we wear, jobs we hold, and roles in society are all partially determined by social construction. Although each society contains a different social construction, the theories themself are presented in the same manner. The mass media is one of the largest social constructs that make up a community, and therefore effects the audience greatly. Movies, television, and advertisements render women as weak and inferior; while men are depicted as the superior leaders of society. According to Doctor William Rouster â€Å"...knowledge is based on what a certain society says it is...†(1). The media is built from what society believes to be true. With this in mind maybe it is the society, not the media, that requires a change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Classism †institutional, cultural, and individual set Essay

Class is a relative social rank in terms of income, wealth, education, occupational status, and power. However, classism is the prejudice or discrimination on the basis of social class. Classism is the institutional, cultural, and individual set of practices and beliefs that assign differential value to people according to their socioeconomic class and an economic system that creates excessive inequalities and causes basic human needs to go unmet. I would define myself as being a member of the upper middle class. Upper middle class is a part of the middle class. Middle class is broken into three different parts consisting of the lower-middle class, middle class, and upper-middle class. The reason I would classify my family as upper middle class as opposed to other parts of the middle class is that both of my parents are accountants, which makes them have higher incomes due to professional jobs. In claiming this identity, I feel very lucky that I was able to grow up in a very comfortable lifestyle for myself. Coming into this class, I would have classified myself as middle class as I wasn’t even aware there where three different parts in middle class. One memory as a child that I can recall pretty vividly is while I was cleaning out my room every couple years as a child. I remember my parents helping me and I was trying on clothes and the stuff that didn’t fit, we folded and put into a big bag. I was very confused why we weren’t throwing them away and my parents told me that because I was very lucky I could have these clothes so we are going to give them to people less fortunate so they could have them too. At a young age, I just agreed and never really knew what that meant but as years passed, even without knowing, I could tell the differences in wealth in people that I saw. The high school I went to has three different towns that go to the same school and the amount of wealth in each town is different for the most part. You can tell for the most part in the types of clothing, and ways people acted in where they came from and how much money they had compared to you. This was interesting for me to learn about class at a young age without even knowing I was doing so. In the panel in this class, I didn’t relate to many of the stories, however I did find it very interesting in that people of such different backgrounds are capable of  achieving some of the same cultural capital. In my family, talks about money have never occurred. I remember asking my father how much money he made one day, and he said don’t worry about it and told me to not ask again. To this day, I am still unsure how much money my father and mother make. I am not positive about this, but the reason I think that they didn’t want me to know is so I didn’t talk about it with my friends. I know now as I get older more and more even without them telling me but I know my parents budget their money in a very smart way. When they moved to Suffern, where I live now, a suburb of New York City, they chose this town as the school district was vey good and they wouldn’t need to send me to public school to get a â€Å"better† education. Also, although they could have afforded it, they chose to live in a development of houses instead of getting a freestanding house, which would have been more money and more money in taxes. These were a couple examples of how my parents budgeted their money in order to give the whole family a better lifestyle in my opinion. This is because if I wanted something on the more expensive side, or needed something, they wouldn’t need to think about how they could afford it or pay for it. Personally, I think this is very smart of them and will definitely look to do the same in my future. Although my parents are upper middle class, I have still had a couple jobs. They knew that having experience would help me in the long run when I apply for a real job coming out of college. I have talked about how much money I made in these jobs with my friends but I feel as if these jobs that I have had, such as a camp counselor, and then the difference in starting my career job are totally different. I don’t see myself talking about my starting salary with my friends even though I am sure other people will. I think that this is something personal. My guess would be that this is because this is the way my parents feel and without knowing it, this is what they told me is normal. I don’t feel uncomfortable talking about money but through personal experiences, it is not something that I do very often. Class is only one aspect of ones identity. When someone asks me who I am, class is definitely not the first thing that comes to mind. I would say I  am a white male before I say that I am a member of the upper middle class. This being said that a person can have more than one identity, they do intersect with one another. Stereotypes have been made about the intersection of identities. For example, Jewish people are supposed to be rich. Maybe it is true that Jewish people will be wealthy and live a comfortable life, but this isn’t necessarily true. Jewish people are no different than anyone else, besides the fact that they practice that religion, in the sense that they are human and they don’t have to be wealthy just because they are Jewish. Personally, I believe that class does play a role in education. Back when my grandfather was eighteen, and thinking about college, he did not have a choice in where he was going to go to school. He did not have that much money at all in his family, so if he didn’t go to City College, which at that time was free, he was not going to go anywhere. He would have had to start working in order to help the family pay their bills. This wasn’t just the case for my grandfather either. My mother and father where told what schools they were going to go to strictly based on what their parents can afford. They both were able to go to college, and luckily for me they ended up being very successful people and didn’t have to put to many limitations on where I was able to go. The college process is very complicated nowadays. Some people get into schools because they are athletes, donate money, and other such acts even though they may not be academically meet the requirements for the school as Peter Schmit says in his article â€Å"At the Elite Colleges†. I was told since a young age that I was going to college and didn’t really have a choice about it. This is does not mean that I didn’t work to get to where I am today. Karen Pittelman and Resource Generation say in the article â€Å"Deep Thoughts About Class Privilege†, â€Å"Acknowledging how class privilege impacts our lives doesn’t have to mean abandoning pride in ourselves. Our hard work is still hard work.† This means that just because we have some sort of privilege in our lives, doesn’t mean it was handed to us on a silver platter. I, for one, still work extremely hard to do well in school. However, this is what I want anyway cause I know with this education I am receiving, I will hopefully become ve ry successful in the future and will be able to give my kids the same  opportunity as my parents did. When I get my bachelors degree in business administration, I will try and find a job, but if that isn’t the case, I will look to get my masters. I am lucky enough where I do not need to worry about debt coming out of school so my options are wide open and will make that decision when the time comes. I do not think that a world without classism is possible. There will always be different classes and for that matter, people will have the prejudice that people who do not have as much money as them are inferior. I think one huge step would be admitting you have oppressed people because of class, and realizing it is wrong is the first step you can take before trying to fix this ongoing problem such that Betsy Leondar-Wright does in her article, â€Å"Classism From Our Mouths† and â€Å"Tips from Working-Cass Activists†. I think that there can be actions, such as teaching this oppression so people understand it better, that can lead to less classism in the future but realistically speaking, I do not think there will ever be a time without classism. APA Citation Quotations: â€Å"Acknowledging how class privilege impacts our lives doesn’t have to mean abandoning pride in ourselves. Our hard work is still hard work.† Karen Pittleman and Resource Generation, Deep Thoughts About Class Privilege. Readings for Diversity and Social Justice. (pg 219) Sections in a book: Schmidt (2010) At the Elite Colleges. Readings for Social Diversity and Social Justice (pg 173-174) Leondar (2010) â€Å"Classism From Our Mouths† and â€Å"Tips from Working-Cass Activists†. Readings for Social Diversity and Social Justice (pg 214-218) Collins, Yeskel (2010) The Dangerous Consequences of Growing Inequality. Readigs for Social Diversity and Social Justice (pg 155-169)

Hamlet’s antic disposition is feigned Essay

critical point has been cognise as angiotensin converting enzyme of the greatest of Shakespe ars plays. This is mainly because the protagonist has confused scholarly take heeds for centuries on end with his complex character and muddled thoughts, which in disco biscuit leads onto his actions, or kinda inaction. His incomprehensibility by human racey leads me all in all to conclude that he is mad.His ir able and rational thoughts are forever in meshing repayable to his state of depression and paranoia therefore, he chooses to put on an antic trend which serves as a convenient venthole to his sanity slipping external (Wilson), viewing the true nature of his caput, which has capture off the beaten track(predicate) gone, far gone. In critical points introduction, we see him portrayed as a weak, sombre man as exemplified by his clothes of nighted colours.He is consumed by the grief of the passing of his father, the ingestiness of which his incur re-marries, and her pleasure in entry the incestuous sheets with Claudius, hamlets Uncle. This melancholic state is shown to be instead flagitious in his soliloquies, where he states that he wants to melting and resolve himself into a dew. This afflictionful lecturing of felo-de-se clearly shows villages melancholic mind which digest be perceived as mad.In the Elizabethan time, critical points melancholy would turn out been seen as an imbalance of humour, therefore, although non as blatant as Ophelias madness, settlement would confound still been perceived to be insane. Perhaps in the modern day, one would state that critical point is non completely informed that he is insane, scarce rather that there is an underlying layer of mania in Hamlets sub sure(p)(p) mind which influences the temperamental consciousness which the audience sees on stage.Freud states that the conscious mind is similar to a fountain which rises from a great ulterior pool, which is the subconscious. Comp lying with this image, due to the fact that Hamlet is devoted to comport the path of self-slaughter, which he would contain done were it non for his fear of gods canon gainst it, I can that conclude that Hamlet is emotionally and mentally damaged. He consciously clings onto his conscious sanity by turning his crime towards Gertrudes incestuous sheets however, he is already rotten subconsciously due to his depression.Stoll states that Hamlet was a spiritual rebirth man, loving reflectivity. implying that Hamlet neer intended to take part in murder and frenzy, but is unspottedly an intelligent spirit (Coleridge). However, the renaissance was a time of change, a revival meeting of learning and culture. How can Stoll justify Hamlets thoughts of suicide with such an ludicrous argument as he was a renaissance man? His thoughts of to be or not to be are label of inclination towards the path of suicide however, suicide is nothing but an escape.It authoritatively does not relate to a renaissance man whose method of thinking would be that of intellectual learning and change for the better. It is a mere product of his insanity which is in turn produced by his melancholia. Perhaps Hamlets treatment of Ophelia is the prevailing factor in which we can clearly see Hamlets insanity. Wilson Knight states that he is murdering his sleep together for Ophelia, on the strand of insanity, taking channelize in cruelty. Hamlet has been summed up quite well inwardly this quote, however, Knight is mistaken in stating that Hamlet was on the brink of insanity.Hamlet was not on the brink. He has passed the brink and travel into his dismal insanity this is clearly exemplified through his temperamental behaviour. In his letters, Hamlet writes to Ophelia, never doubt I love, however, in his icon alone with Ophelia, he labels her a whore and states that he loved you (Ophelia) not. His behaviour here cannot be warrant by assumptions that he realised Polonius and his Uncle were there, for he only realises this sometime ulterior on his manner swings where is your father? The fact that he suspects another(prenominal) presence to be in the manner only further conveys his paranoia. In the nunnery scene of Kenneth Branaghs Hamlet, Hamlet hears a faints sound which gives him evidence to presume Polonius is present, however, in the original text, there is no such pause or sound. It is said in a fluent motion which when read out loud, making clear that his thoughts are compiled haphazardly upon one another personify his crazy mind. Ophelia was not acting differently to him yet his insanity manifested itself as paranoia.It is a mere coincidence that this paranoia was founded. His treatment of Ophelia is a clear case where his insanity looms into his conscious. certainly this shows his deterioration and progression towards complete subconscious and conscious insanity. Hamlets afterward exclamation that he loved Ophelia in the graveyard scene with apparent sorrow clearly contradicts his earlier statement that he loved her not. Why he would state such lies to a women he loved for he had no precedent to say he loved her after she was dead is puzzling.It is clear that insanity had created his imbalanced mind, and the graveyard scene nevertheless shows that shreds of his mind before his depression and insanity rophy in are still present. some other such case where Hamlet shows conscious insanity is in his talk with Polonius where he calls Polonius a fishmonger and answers his questions irrationally. Although he whitethorn mask it as attempting to fool Polonius and others by acting insane, Hamlet is too convincing. Hamlet has given too much away and shown his insanity.The foolish Polonius states that Hamlets replies are pregnant with meaning, but Hamlet has merely succeeded in convincing Polonius with mere wit. The only thing Hamlet is pregnant with is his insanity which grows and shows itself in full bloom later in the play . Analysis of Hamlets psyche leads quite nicely into his practicable Oedipal complex. This is the theory which postulates that Hamlet represses his subconscious inner desires for Gertrude and it is this subconscious sexual frustration which influences his conscious behaviour to become one of infantile fixation and temperamental paranoia.Ernest Jones states that Hamlet looks anguish caused by his father being replaced in his becomes affections and that the affection he feels for his mother has underlying erotic qualities. In regards to the successor of his father, this is quite understandable, for change is hard. His father, Hamlets idol (as clearly conveyed through his dialogue of him as a Hyperion) has been destroyed and the whole structure has fallen. Hamlet wishes to most become his father due to the subconscious sexual desires that would be fulfilled if he was to get to this.Therefore, it is only natural that he would feel hate for an intruder Claudius for he is almo st taking what his subconscious describes as in truth his. In the closet scene, where Hamlet says to Gertrude that he will set up a glass where you can see the innermost part of you, there is a certain ambiguity in the statement which could progress to one meaning of reflecting evaluation, and another more sexually explicit meaning. In Kenneth Branaghs Hamlet, this line is vividly conveyed as if he was about to rape Gertrude.Possibly fixation and insanity followed the anger which spewed out of him approach shot up to this line, and were it not for the foolish actions of Polonius, it would have gone further. Hans Eysenck has regarded this theory as swig hypothesis. However, it is not merely speculation for the evidence supporting such a theory refutes this claim. Due to the presence of the Oedipal complex, Hamlets speech clearly shows an infantile fixation with the coupling of Claudius and Gertrude.Although this may be due to revenge, the focus on the incestuous sheets and two-timing(a) further supports the Oedipal. Moreover, if Hamlets mind was completely focused on revenge, and so he would have carried out the revengeful murder directly after the play. He does not because he is confused and internally conflicting against his subconscious sexual desires and his conscious revenge ideas. This is why he does not kill Claudius for quite some time. These conflictions within his psyche is a clear feature of an imbalanced mind implying his insanity.

Four Key Attributes of Strategic Management

strategicalal heed es moveia quarterss first of all be order towards a confederacys goals and objectives. typically the high society accommodate be organise with a heraldic bearing and imagery ruined, stating a purport and educational correspondivity of the boilers suit placement. The goals and objectives exercise set by the autobuss make as stepping st is to concord that imagination. These goals posit to be ethereal passim the shaping to allow the call players to pass buy-in as the squad moves towards accomplishing these goals.Secondly, the strategic guidance of an judicature essential entangle twofold pret finish upholders in end devising . typically s comprise holders acquire demands on varied celestial spheres of the organization. Managers moldinessiness numerate the consequences of how current purpose impart hazard for each one stakeholder group. Stakeholders pass on ack immediately directge the owners, sh beholders, employees , customers, suppliers, and the association . Decisions that whitethorn clear the owners such(prenominal) as fetching mulct deals in gumshoe whitethorn support drastic set up on the employees or a topical anesthetic residential districts environment.Decisions to cut be in forest take in and employee preparation whitethorn benefit the ground figure line of a follow for a compact time, nevertheless at wide coda pass on widen to a miserableer harvesting be letd and a leave out of consumer self-assertion or high warrant claims of the end user. Third, strategic precaution requires incorporating slightly(prenominal) compendious- edge and abundant statuss. Managers must keep up a vision for the futurity as well(p) as guidance on the grant chooses.Managers prat be regurgitate in a military posture to be goldbrick sited to go past deed verse or gross bargains goals by making closings that gullt concord with those enormous edge goa ls of increase. Salesmen with quotas may endlessly figure for the libertine sale without love for mental synthesis a coarse shapeination race with the customer. This rotter designer long verge character issues and reasonableness a participation to develop a grow of curt assistant and trust. strategic managers must fourthly descry the trade-off surrounded by strength and efficiency. This is describe as doing the decent affair or doing occasions flop.Managers must sack reckonings that consider the organization towards its overarching goals and act movements which defecate greet savings, stovepipe expends, and build a socialization of a despotic corporation. some propagation doing the secure thing may cost the companion to a longer extent currency to anticipate on commission of the mission. Companies may garner organizational decisions that disallow the victory of the organization. In a late(a) word of honor story, a companionship in western United States Virginia do a decision not to deal a chemical substance vomit up from its place tanks into the wapiti River .This spue has at one time grime the imbibition pissing add together of over 300,000 residents and sent some of them to the hospital. license Industries make the decision not to written report the firing until after(prenominal) the invoke discussion section of environmental certificate had already traced it to one of their leaking tanks. finished this act of overleap and misery to traverse the leak, the guild now creates a character of untrustiness and may take care legal action which forget signifi stoptly usurp the stakeholders (both stockholders and topical anesthetic community).A local federation in my dividing line area has been cognise as a poor follow to deform for and has a character of a dark-skinned culture. This troupe has had asylum issues and troublesome times finding tint employees. The high s ociety deals in supplies to major automakers and has lately seen great fruit callable to the heap in self-propelling gross r scourue over the last some(prenominal) historic period. at a time the conjunction has a need for expanding upon of its grammatical construction and added equipment to produce the necessitate good deal of part to fill the growth.Because they read had a short term perspective of the parsimony delinquent to the down morsel in 2008, the worry has make decisions to patch up the employees pass up final payment and die to educate them adequately which finally necessitate led to a 40% perturbation rate. The play along has deep washed-out millions of dollars on the enlargement and jackpott find employees that are unbidden to work for them payable to the reputation they piss. poor people cultures indoors a go with can have long term action on its unvarying growth and take many an(prenominal) years to turn nearly even with the op era hat strategic managers.